The field
submodule
This module contains the Dataset, Dataworksheet and BaseField classes, along with subclasses of BaseField for different data types. These are the core functions of safedata_validator, responsible for opening a file containing formatted data, and loading and validating the field metadata and data rows in the main data tables.
Dataset
Process the components of a safedata_validator formatted dataset.
The Dataset class links a dataset with a particular configuration of the safedata_validator resources, and then loads the components of the dataset.
Parameters:
Name | Type | Description | Default |
---|---|---|---|
resources |
Resources | None
|
An Resources instance configuring safedata_validator to process a dataset. |
None
|
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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error_breakdown
property
Get error counts broken down by dataset component.
final_checks()
Run final validation checks on a Dataset instance.
This method checks that: 1. all locations and taxa provided have been used in the data worksheets scanned 2. no worksheet taxon names are duplicated between GBIFTaxa and NCBITaxa. 3. extents in the data are congruent with the summary extents
Finally, the method reports the total number of errors and warnings from processing the dataset.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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load_from_workbook(filename, validate_doi=False, chunk_size=1000, console_log=True)
Populate a Dataset instance from a safedata_validator formatted Excel file.
This method populates a Dataset using the safedata_validator format for Excel workbooks in .xlsx format.
Logging messages are used to report the progress of the validation process.
These are always captured in an internal log (logging.LOG
) but are also
printed by default to the command line. The console_log
argument can be used
to suppress console logging, when this command is being run programmatically
rather than via the safedata_validate
command line script.
Parameters:
Name | Type | Description | Default |
---|---|---|---|
filename |
str
|
A path to the workbook containing the dataset |
required |
validate_doi |
bool
|
Should DOIs in the dataset summary be validated |
False
|
chunk_size |
int
|
Data is read from worksheets in chunks of rows - this argument sets the size of that chunk. |
1000
|
console_log |
bool
|
Suppress command line logging. |
True
|
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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to_json()
Export a Dataset to JSON.
This method exports key data about the dataset in JSON format. This method is used to export a description of a dataset that can be used to populate a metadata server and publish datasets to Zenodo.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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DataWorksheet
Process the contents of safedata_validator formatted data table.
This class is used to load and check the formatting and content of a data table using the safedata_validator format. It requires the containing Dataset as an argument to get access to Summary, Locations, Taxa and Extents attributes and the specific data table metadata from the Summary instance.
The workflow for methods validating a data table is:
- Create a DataWorksheet instance using the summary metadata.
- Parse the rows at the top of the file containing field metadata and use
validate_field_meta
to validate the contents. - Parse the data rows below the field metadata using the
validate_data_rows
method. This can be done repeatedly to handle chunked inputs. - Use the report method to obtain all of the logging associated with data validation and run any final checks.
This workflow is currently implemented for Excel format data worksheets in the
load_from_worksheet
method.
Parameters:
Name | Type | Description | Default |
---|---|---|---|
sheet_meta |
dict
|
The metadata dictionary for this worksheet from the Summary instance, containing the worksheet name, title and description and the names of any external files to be associated with this worksheet. |
required |
dataset |
Dataset | None
|
A safedata_validator Dataset object, providing Taxa, Locations and Summary information. |
None
|
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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load_from_worksheet(worksheet, row_chunk_size=1000)
Populate a Dataworksheet instance from an openpyxl worksheet.
This method takes a newly initialised DataWorksheet instance and populates the details using the contents of a safedata_validator formatted data table in an Excel spreadsheet.
To keep memory requirements low, data in the worksheet is validated by loading
sets of rows containing at most row_chunk_size
rows. Note that this will only
actually reduce memory use for openpyxl ReadOnlyWorksheets, as these load data
on demand, but will still work on standard Worksheets.
Parameters:
Name | Type | Description | Default |
---|---|---|---|
worksheet |
worksheet
|
An openpyxl worksheet instance |
required |
row_chunk_size |
int
|
The number of rows of data to load in each chunk |
1000
|
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report data validation for a data table.
As the validate_data_rows method works on chunks of rows, the DataWorksheet instance accumulates logging messages across individual fields. These are not reported until after all the data rows have been validated, when aggregated reports for each field can be made. This method causes these field logs to be emitted and then carries out final checks and reporting across all of the field data.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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to_dict()
Return a dictionary representation of a DataWorksheet instance.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data_rows(data_rows)
Validate the contents of data rows from a data table.
This method is used to pass a list of rows of data from a data table into the appropriate field checkers created by the validate_field_meta method. Each row is represented as a list, with the row number as the first entry in the list.
Parameters:
Name | Type | Description | Default |
---|---|---|---|
data_rows |
list
|
A list of rows containing data from a data table. |
required |
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_field_meta(field_meta)
Validate the field metadata for a data table.
This method is used to add and validate field metadata. The field meta can include trailing empty fields - these will be checked when data rows are added. The method also then sets up a list of field validators, matching the order of the fields in the table, which are used for data validation.
Note
This relies on the maintenance of the dictionary insertion order, which required OrderedDict in the past but is guaranteed for the standard dict in Python >= 3.7.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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Fields
This module contains the Dataset, Dataworksheet and BaseField classes, along with subclasses of BaseField for different data types. These are the core functions of safedata_validator, responsible for opening a file containing formatted data, and loading and validating the field metadata and data rows in the main data tables.
BaseField
Validating metadata and data for a field.
This class provides an implementation for checking field metadata for a field type and then testing whether the data contents are compatible with that metadata. The class is largely used for checking fields in data tables worksheets, but can also be used for checking other tabular data.
The base class defines the core checking methods and then subclasses are used to extend those methods to implement specific checking for particular data types. The main workflow for the class is:
- Instantiate a class object using the field metadata to check the metadata.
- The base class provides
_check_meta
,_check_taxon_meta
and_check_interaction_meta
to provide common shared components of metadata validation in extended__init__
methods in subclasses. - Data is then validated using the
validate_data
method - it ingests chunks of rows, to avoid having to read all the data in a table from file at once. The data validation process accumulates logging messages in a stack via the_log
method. - The
report
method is then used to run final checks and emit the message stack, once all of the data has been ingested.
The base class also has a much more complex signature than the base functionality requires. Various subclasses need access to:
- Dataset level information - extents, taxa and locations.
- Dataworksheet level information - taxon fields
Rather than having complex inheritance with changing subclass signatures and kwargs, the BaseField class makes all information available to all subclasses.
Parameters:
Name | Type | Description | Default |
---|---|---|---|
meta |
dict
|
A dictionary of field metadata |
required |
dwsh |
DataWorksheet | None
|
A DataWorksheet instance, used to pass worksheet level information, which at the moment is just taxa fields. |
None
|
dataset |
Dataset | None
|
An Dataset instance, used to provide dataset level information, such as taxa, locations and summary, and update dataset level attributes such as data extents. |
None
|
Class Attributes
field_types: A list of the field types - as entered in data table metadata - that are handled by a class based on BaseField. required_descriptors: A list of field metadata names that are required by a class based on BaseField. check_taxon_meta: A boolean flag indicating whether a class based on BaseField should check taxonomic metadata. check_interaction_meta: A similar boolean flag for interaction metadata.
Attributes:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
meta |
The metadata dictionary for the field |
|
dwsh |
The DataWorksheet object in which the field is contained. |
|
taxa |
Taxa | None
|
The Taxa object for the Dataset or None. |
locations |
The Locations object for the Dataset or None. |
|
summary |
The Summary object for the Dataset or None. |
|
log_stack |
list
|
A list of tuples containing logging messages to be emitted. |
n_rows |
The number of rows of data in the field. |
|
n_na |
The number of NA values in the field data. |
|
n_blank |
The number of blank cells in the field data. |
|
n_excel_error |
The number of Excel error codes in the field data. |
|
bad_values |
list
|
A list of invalid value given a class based on BaseField. |
bad_rows |
list
|
A list of row numbers containing bad values. |
field_name |
The provided field name. |
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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field_type_map()
classmethod
Returns a map of field types to BaseField subclasses.
This class method iterates over the existing subclasses of BaseField and returns a returns a dictionary mapping the field types handled by each subclass to the subclass type. This allows the field types listed in field metadata to be quickly matched to the correct BaseField subclass.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report on field creation and data validation.
This method emits any messages queued in the log stack during the creation of a field instance and data validation. The method also contains any final checking of data values across all validated data.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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run_common_validation(data)
Validates a list of data provided for a field.
This base class method runs the common shared validation steps for input data for a given field. It checks for:
- Explicit missing data, using the NA value.
- Empty cells, which is an error.
- Excel cell error codes (such as
#VALUE!
)
Subclasses should also carry out field specific testing. To ensure that only the data that passes the common checks is subjected to extra testing, within their data validation methods subclasses should use:
data = self.run_common_validation(data)
Parameters:
Name | Type | Description | Default |
---|---|---|---|
data |
list
|
a set of values from a data table for the field. |
required |
Returns:
Type | Description |
---|---|
list
|
A list of the cleaned input values, excluding blanks, NA and any Excel |
list
|
errors. |
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Standard method to validate data.
Most classes that inherit from BaseField will overwrite this to include more specific validation rules.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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field_to_dict(fld, col_idx)
Convert a object inheriting from BaseField into a dictionary.
A function to return a dictionary representation of a field object. This would more naturally be a method of BaseField, but needs to include the extended attributes of subclasses of BaseField.
TODO - the BaseField should define all these attributes and then this becomes a method
Parameters:
Name | Type | Description | Default |
---|---|---|---|
fld |
EmptyField | BaseField
|
An instance inheriting from BaseField |
required |
col_idx |
int
|
The column index of the field |
required |
Returns:
Type | Description |
---|---|
dict
|
A dictionary representation of the field attributes. |
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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CategoricalField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for categorical and ordered categorical fields.
Extends the BaseField __init__
method
to store the level labels and track the reported levels during data
validation.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report on field creation and data validation for categorical fields.
Extends the BaseField report method to handle undeclared or unused level labels.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validate categorical field data.
Runs the BaseField run_common_validation method and also checks that string values are provided and populates the set of reported levels.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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CategoricalInteractionField
Bases: CategoricalField
A CategoricalField subclass for categorical trait fields.
Further extends the NumericField subclass to also apply checking of the interaction metadata for numeric traits and abundance data.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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CommentField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for comments fields.
This subclass overrides the base data validation to allow any content in comments fields. See safedata_validator.field.BaseField for details.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validate data in comment fields.
This overrides the BaseField validate_data method to remove any checking on comments fields.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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DatetimeField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for date and datetime fields.
Extends the BaseField __init__
method
to validate date and datetime. This is primarily about checking the
consistency of the provided data. The function accepts either as ISO strings
in a consistent datetime or date format or datetime.datetime objects. The
parsing of timestrings follows ISO8601, which includes quite a range of
valid inputs.
One problem here is that - when stored as Excel datetime cells - dates and times in Excel are poorly typed: essentially as a number with a meaning that depends in part on the cell format. The openpyxl package returns datetime.datetime objects for cells with datetime or date formats.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report on field creation and data validation for date and datetime fields.
Extends the BaseField report method to flag inconsistent date and datetime formatting and invalid data.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validate date and datetime field data.
Runs the BaseField run_common_validation method and also checks that time data has consistent formatting and are valid date or datetime values.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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EmptyField
A BaseField-like interface for empty fields.
This class mocks the interface of BaseField and is only used to check trailing empty fields in loaded field data. These are columns which have no field metadata, but which have are included in the data table. The data rows should be empty.
This class does not inherit from BaseField, so is never included in the BaseField.field_type_map.
Parameters:
Name | Type | Description | Default |
---|---|---|---|
meta |
dict
|
A dictionary of field metadata. All values should be None with the
exception of the column index number ( |
required |
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report on an empty field.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validates that empty fields contain no data.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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FileField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for time fields.
Extends the BaseField subclass to check file fields. The data values need to match to an external file or can be contained within an archive file provided in the 'file_container' descriptor.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report on field creation and data validation for file fields.
Extends the BaseField report method to flag unknown files.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validate file field data.
Runs the BaseField run_common_validation method, and also checks for unknown files given in a file field.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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GeoField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for latitude and longitude fields.
Extends the BaseField __init__
method
to check latitude and longitude data.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report on field creation and data validation for latitude and longitude data.
Extends the BaseField report method to check the coordinate range against the dataset geographic extents.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validate latitude and longitude data.
Runs the BaseField run_common_validation method, and also checks for non-decimal formatting (e.g. 12°24'32"W) and collates the data range.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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LocationsField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for location fields.
Extends the BaseField __init__
method
to check that all the values provided in a locations field are found in the
locations data for the dataset.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report on field creation and data validation for categorical fields.
Extends the BaseField report method to emit undeclared location names.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validate location field data.
Runs the BaseField run_common_validation method and also checks that location names are all known.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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NumericField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for numeric fields.
Extends BaseField to validate numeric data fields.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validate numeric field data.
Runs the BaseField run_common_validation method and also ensures that data values are numeric.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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NumericInteractionField
Bases: NumericField
A NumericField subclass for numeric interaction fields.
Further extends the NumericField subclass to also apply checking of the interaction metadata for numeric interaction data.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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ReplicateField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for Replicate and ID fields.
Applies the base data checking needed on Replicate and ID fields. See safedata_validator.field.BaseField for details.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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TaxaField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for taxa fields.
Extends BaseField to to track the reported taxa in the field during data validation.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report on field creation and data validation for taxa fields.
Extends the BaseField report method to emit unused or unknown taxon names
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validate taxa field data.
Runs the BaseField run_common_validation method and also looks for non-string values and tracks unused or unknown taxon names.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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TimeField
Bases: BaseField
A BaseField subclass for time fields.
Extends the BaseField subclass to validate data in time fields. Time field validation is primarily about checking the consistency of the provided data. The function accepts either as ISO strings in a consistent time format or datetime.time objects. The parsing of timestrings follows ISO8601, which includes quite a range of valid inputs: '11:12:13' and '111213' are both valid.
One problem here is that - when stored as Excel datetime cells - dates and times in Excel are poorly typed: essentially as a number with a meaning that depends in part on the cell format. The openpyxl package returns datetime.time objects for cells with time formats.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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report()
Report on field creation and data validation for time fields.
Extends the BaseField report method to flag inconsistent time formatting and invalid data.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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validate_data(data)
Validate time field data.
Runs the BaseField run_common_validation methoda nd also checks that time data has consistent formatting and are valid time values.
Source code in safedata_validator/field.py
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